盐酸坦洛新缓释片治疗输尿管下段结石的临床研究

目的:评价选择性α1肾上腺受体阻滞剂(盐酸坦络新缓释片)在治疗单侧输尿管末端结石中的临床效果。方法:72例单侧输尿管末端结石的患者随机分为两组进行药物治疗,两组间的年龄、性别、结石大小在统计学上无显著性差异。对照组(n=36)服用排石颗粒(5 g,3/d),治疗组(n=36)服用排石颗粒(5 g,3/d)和盐酸坦络新缓释片(0.4 mg,1/d),共服药两周,并对所有患者随访4周,通过询问症状和检查尿常规、B超,了解疼痛缓解时间和程度,排石率、排石时间,并观察不良反应。结果:治疗组排石率86.1%(31/36),对照组排石率33.3%(12/36)P<0.01,治疗组与对照组在结石排出时间分别为(6.8±2.0)d和(12.0±1.8)d,P<0.05,两组患者均未出现明显不良反应。结论:盐酸坦络新缓释片有明显促进输尿管下段结石排出的作用。     

彩色多普勒超声引导经皮肾通道建立的应用价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声引导下建立经皮肾通道的方法、成功率和安全性,评价超声引导在经皮肾镜取石术中的应用价值.方法 回顾分析209例肾脏和输尿管上段结石患者行超声引导下成功建立皮肾通道并全过程监测、指导碎石取石.总结超声引导穿刺成功建立理想通道的经验体会和技巧.结果 在彩色多普勒超声引导下成功建立经皮肾通道安全、有效.穿刺成功率99.0%(207/209),1次进针成功率94.7%(198/209),9例患者超声引导下2次穿刺成功,2例肥胖患者术前术中结合X线C臂进行定位,获穿刺成功.穿刺术中、术后未发生严重并发症.结论 彩色多普勒超声引导穿刺建立经皮肾通道操作简单、成功率高、安全可靠是首选影像引导定位方法.     

肾动脉阻力指数诊断急性上尿路梗阻的意义

应用彩色多普勒技术对20例急性上尿路梗阻的病人,进行患侧和健侧肾脏内的血流测量。各分支血管的血流阻力指数(RI)值被记录。测量的结果:急性上尿路梗阻疼痛发作时,肾内各动脉的血流阻力指数(RI)明显升高(0.67 0.08),对侧肾内血流阻力指数无变化(0.56 0.089,P值0.1,而正常组双侧肾脏的RI差值<0.03(P值<0.001)。通过对可疑肾及输尿管结石疼痛发作的病人,进行肾内血流的RI和RI差值的测量,观察RI的变化,能提供对这一类疾病诊断的支持。     

骨折外固定加创面冲洗疗法的临床应用及护理

1992年12月至1995年6月，对38例四肢开放骨折并感染的患应用外固定架的同时行创面冲洗疗法，取得满意效果。总结治疗方法与护理体会如下：观察肢体局部变化及外固定架位置是否合适、及时调整外固定架，并准确使用有效抗生素冲洗液。对骨折并骨髓炎患行密闭式冲洗疗法，注意冲洗速度，拔管时间和拔管顺序。此方法手术创面小，便于早期活动，促进骨折愈合，避免关节僵直，大大缩短了住院时间。     

Comparison of Hydromorphone and Meperidine for Ureteral Colic

Objective: To compare the efficacies of meperidine and hydromorphone in the treatment for ureteral colic in the emergency department (ED).
Methods: A prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted over six months at a tertiary referral center with 93,000 annual ED visits. Seventy-three patients completed the study. The patients received either 1 mg of hydromorphone or 50 mg of meperidine IV at t = 0. Pain intensity was determined using a 10-cm visual analog scale at t = 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. A second dose of the study drug could be given between t = 15 and t = 120 minutes when the clinician believed the initial dose was ineffective. Patients requiring more than one additional dose of analgesia were treated as nonresponders and were removed from the study.
Results: Thirty-six patients received hydromorphone and 37 received meperidine. The initial pain intensities (hydromorphone group = 8.4 ± 1.5; meperidine group = 8.5 ± 2.1), age distributions, sex distributions, and side effects of the two groups were comparable. Pain relief was better (p < 0.05) with hydromorphone at t = 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. The hydromorphone group required rescue analgesia less often (31% vs 68%, p < 0.01), had fewer IV pyelographies (IVPs) (28% vs 54%, p < 0.05), and had a lower proportion of hospital admissions (25% vs 49%, p = 0.08).
Conclusions: For the fixed doses used in this study, the adult ureteral colic patients receiving hydromorphone achieved more pain relief, required less rescue medication, underwent fewer IVPs, and avoided hospital admission more frequently than did those receiving meperidine.     

Moving from institutional dependence to entrepreneurialism. Creating and funding a collaborative research and practice development position

Aims of the paper. The paper describes the creation of, the rationale behind and the external funding of a collaborative research‐clinical practice development position. The paper also demonstrates the benefits of nursing's collaboration with external funding bodies and the value of moving from our traditional position of assuming that ‘the hospital’ will always provide. Background. There is a constant refrain that nursing must become more ‘research‐based’ and develop an active research culture. In harsh financial times however, funding for research development is scarce. Nurses can respond to this by bemoaning the lack of money or by taking an entrepreneurial approach, creating innovative project proposals that develop new partnerships and attract external funding. Discussion. Institutional support for clinical research is often more verbal than financial as most health care systems are experiencing extreme financial stringencies. Nurses need to reconsider the notion that every initiative must automatically be funded by the institution. In this paper we show how in a busy major hospital, clinicians and researchers collaborated to create and fund the kind of innovative research and practice development position that may be impossible to fund through existing budgets. Conclusion. With creativity and determination, nurses can challenge the orthodoxy that they are solely dependent on institutional funding. If there is a clear project vision, a convincing rationale, a strongly argued ‘business case’ and a passionate and persistent team, then innovative new projects and positions can be realized. Relevance to clinical practice. Developing clinical focused, practice based research is now a worldwide policy and practice imperative for nurses. Unfortunately, current levels of institutional funding are unlikely to support research promotion positions and initiatives. This paper outlines an approach to securing funding for research initiatives that can create exciting new positions and develop productive partnerships between researchers, clinicians and external agencies.     

髂内动脉在肾移植术后髂外动脉出血中的应用

目的:探讨肾移植术后感染性外动脉移植肾动脉吻合口出血的处理。方法:采用自体髂内动脉片或段修补、串接治疗髂外动脉吻合口大出血。结果:修复后的髂外动脉血流通畅,患侧下肢血供良好。结论:感染性移植肾动脉髂外动脉吻合口出血为肾移植术后严重并发症,单纯缝扎止血常难以奏效,与其他方法比较,自体髂内动脉片或段修补、串接修补缺损的髂外动脉操作简单,效果非常满意。     

原发性输尿管癌的诊断与治疗(附21例报告)

目的加强对原发性输尿管癌的认识,提高对原发性输尿管癌的诊断及治疗水平。方法回顾性分析21例输尿管癌患者的临床资料,比较术前彩超、泌尿系CT成像(CTurography,CTU)和输尿管镜检等诊断符合率情况,讨论术前检查方法的差异。所有患者均行手术治疗,术后常规行膀胱灌注治疗,评估治疗后情况,总结原发性输尿管癌的诊断及治疗经验。结果所有患者的术后病检结果均为输尿管癌。比较术前彩超、CTU和输尿管镜检等检查结果表明,CTU和输尿管镜检诊断符合率明显高于彩超,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),CTU和输尿管镜检对输尿管癌的诊断符合率均较高,两者间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A、B期输尿管癌患者尽早手术,术后获得较好的预后。结论对于输尿管肿瘤患者,应联合进行CTU和输尿管镜检查,早发现、早治疗,尽可能采取肾、输尿管全长及膀胱袖状切除术,条件许可时,可采用组合腔镜技术。术后规律随访并膀胱灌注腔内化疗,有利于预防输尿管癌术后膀胱癌复发,改善输尿管癌的预后。     

Tile C型骨盆骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨手术治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折的疗效。方法采用后路门形钢板固定后环加外固定架固定前环手术治疗36例Tile C型骨盆骨折患者。结果 36例均获随访,时间8～29个月。患者切口均一期愈合,无针道感染,无螺钉及外固定松动、断裂,无骨折复位丢失。骨折均骨性愈合,患者均恢复行走功能。手术效果根据Matta和Tornetta标准评定:优25例,良9例,可2例,优良率为94.4%。术后功能恢复根据Majeed标准评定:优22例,良11例,可3例,优良率为91.7%。结论后路门形钢板固定后环加外固定架固定前环治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折,手术操作简单,创伤小,固定牢靠,术后并发症少,疗效满意。     

输尿管镜下钬激光碎石治疗输尿管中上段结石1200例报告

目的评估输尿管镜钬激光碎石治疗输尿管中上段结石的安全性和有效性。方法对2005年1月～2010年12月输尿管镜下钬激光碎石治疗的1 200例输尿管中上段结石患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果一次性结石清除率95.4%（1 145/1 200）,其中,第三腰椎下缘以上结石为75.7%（28/37）,第三腰椎下缘至骶髂关节上缘结石为92.6%（486/525）,骶髂关节段结石为98.9%（631/638）。3.6%（43/1 200）患者因碎石移位改行ESWL术。9例出现输尿管穿孔,除2例改开放手术外,7例成功留置双＂J＂管3月后再次行输尿管镜钬激光碎石获成功。本组手术时间20～90min,平均（45.6±17.4）min,术中未发生大出血、输尿管撕脱、断裂等,术中输尿管黏膜撕裂4例,黏膜下假道形成8例,均顺利留置双＂J＂管,随访1～6月无尿囊肿和输尿管狭窄形成。术后患侧肾绞痛57例、腹部胀痛24例、发热28例,予以抗感染、对症治疗后好转。术后2～3d拔除导尿管,术后住院天数3～7d,平均（4.3±1.2）d。结论输尿管镜钬激光碎石术,具有微创、高效、并发症少、恢复快等优点,在掌握一定输尿管镜技巧的基础上处理中上段输尿管结石可取得比较好的疗效。但对L3水平以上且直径大于1.0cm的结石不建议使用输尿管镜处理。